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我们在阅读考研英语文章时需要做到有详读、有略读,这样才可以在有限的时间内抓住文章的主要信息。其中,否定的句子是我们需要重点阅读的地方,因为出题人往往会在这些地方做文章,看看学生是否真正理解了文章内容。
常用的否定词有not, no, never, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, few等,否定词置于句首时,句子要倒装。但否定的名词词组或代词作主语放在句首时,则不需要倒装。
例1:Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. (选自1998年Text 4)
分析:该句是简单句,nowhere置于句首引起倒装。原句为:1980 Census statistics dramatize the American search for spacious living nowhere more than in the Far West.在这里还有一个比较结构,more than, 比较对象是nowhere和in the Far West, 比较内容是1980年人口普查的统计数字表明美国人想找寻更广阔的生存空间的程度。比较结果是美国远西地区更能凸显美国人想找寻更广阔的生存空间。
译文:1980年人口普查的统计数字淋漓尽致地表明,没有哪个地方比远西地区更能凸显美国人想找寻更广阔的生存空间。
例2:Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.
分析:句子主干:Nor is management to be blamed。句子是一个否定词nor开头的倒装句,改写成正常语序为if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, management is not to be blamed for discriminating against the“odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.If引导条件状语从句,第二个as代替regularity and conformity to a standard pattern,第一个as做副词,修饰desirable,表示正如科学家所希望的。
整句话可以改写成regularity and conformity to a standard pattern as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect are as desirable to the scientist。科学家的论文写作中所反映出的合乎规则并遵从标准模板正是他所想要的话。句中的as…as…不是比较结构了,需要注意。再来看一下后面的主句,be blamed for...因...而受到指责。介词for引出原因,who引导定语从句,先行词是thinkers。
翻译:如果科学家的论文写作中所反映出的合乎规则并遵从标准模板正是他所想要的话,那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的“思维与众不同的人”,而喜欢其中较为传统的“善于团队合作”的思想家而受到指责了。
下面我们来看一下一些表示否定的词组,如much less, still less, even less, 意为“更不用说,更谈不到,更提不上,休说,莫谈,哪里,何况”,后接名词、动词、介词短语、不定式等。
例句: Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the lf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.
分析:该句由两个分句构成,其中第二个分句包含while引导时间状语从句,另外much less置于句首引起倒装。
译文:一般情况下,美国人不会在这种轻松的环境中通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的来访者,更不通过把来访者带到外面吃饭或去高尔夫球场来建立信任和融洽的关系。
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