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　　观点与例证
　　
　　Directions:
　　
　　You are ing to read a text about the advantages of drinking water, followed by a list of choices. Choose the most suitable one from the list A～F for each numbered subheading (1～5).
　　
　　There is one extra choice which you do not need to use.
　　
　　Water is a fundamental part of our lives. It is easy to forget how
　　
　　completely we depend on it. Human survival is dependent on water-water
　　
　　has been ranked by experts as second only to oxygen as essential for life.
　　
　　The average adult body is 55 to 75% water. 2/3 of your body weight is
　　
　　water (40 to 50 quarts). A human embryo is more than 80% water.
　　
　　A newborn baby is 74% water. Everyday your body must replace 2 1/2
　　
　　quarts of water. The Water you drink literally becomes you! Since such
　　
　　a large percentage of our bodies is water, water must obviously figure
　　
　　heavily in how our bodies function. We need lots of fresh water to stay
　　
　　healthy. Aside from aiding in digestion and absorption of food, water
　　
　　regulates body temperature and blood circulation, carries nutrients and
　　
　　oxygen to cells, and removes toxins and other wastes. This "body water"
　　
　　also cushions joints and protects tissues and organs, including the spinal
　　
　　cord, from shock and damage. Conversely, lack of water (dehydration)
　　
　　can be the cause of many ailments. In his book, Your Body's Many Cries
　　
　　for Water, Dr. Fereydoon Batmanghelidj noted that chronic dehydration
　　
　　may cause certain problems for the body, including hypertension, asthma,
　　
　　allergies, and migraine headaches.
　　
　　Every process in our body occurs in a water medium. We can exist without
　　
　　food for 2 months or more, but we can only survive for a few days without water.
　　
　　(1)Water is better than other beverages.
　　
　　There is a difference between drinking pure water & beverages that
　　
　　contain water. Fruit juice, soft drinks, coffee, etc., may contain substances
　　
　　that are not healthy, & actually contradict some of the positive effects of
　　
　　the added water. Other Beverages also contain dehydrating agents. They
　　
　　may actually reduce the water reserves in the body! Drinking other beverages
　　
　　to the exclusion of water also causes you to lose your taste for water.
　　
　　This is particularly true with children as they become dependent on Sodas & juices.
　　
　　(2)Water can improve people's Metabolic rate.
　　
　　Water is the solvent of the body & it regulates all functions, including the
　　
　　activity of everything it dissolves & circulates.
　　
　　(3) Water can help people in weight loss.
　　
　　Water plays a major part in weight loss. Since water contains no calories,
　　
　　it can serve as an appetite suppressant, and helps the body metabolize
　　
　　stored fat, it may possibly be one of the most significant factors in
　　
　　losing weight. Dehydration leads to excess body fat, poor muscle tone & size,
　　
　　decreased digestive efficiency & organ function, increased toxicity,
　　
　　joint & muscle soreness, & water retention. Water works to keep muscles
　　
　　and skin toned.
　　
　　(4) Water can benefit people's Digestive System.
　　
　　Constipation(便秘) is a frequent symptom of dehydration. Increased water,
　　
　　along with increased fiber, will usually totally eliminate a problem.
　　
　　(5) Water lubricates our joints
　　
　　The cartilage(软骨) tissues found at the ends of long bones & between
　　
　　the vertebrae(椎骨) of the spine hold a lot of water, which serves as a
　　
　　lubricant during the movement of the joint. Rheumatoid(患风湿症的) joint
　　
　　pain frequently decreases with increased water intake & flexing exercises
　　
　　to bring more circulation to the joints.
　　
　　[A] The digestion of solid foods depends on the presence of copious
　　
　　amounts of water. Acids & enzymes in the stomach break the food
　　
　　down into a homogenized fluid state which can pass into the intestine
　　
　　for the next phase of digestion. An "acid stomach" will respond to hydration.
　　
　　Gastritis (胃炎), duodenitis (十二指肠炎), pain from ulcers(溃疡) (as long as
　　
　　the ulcer is not perforated), & heartburn all decrease with increased water
　　
　　intake. Water eliminates toxins & waste from the body.
　　
　　[B] An active, athletic person needs 2/3 ounce per pound which is 13-14.8
　　
　　ounce glasses a day if you're 160 pounds. The more you exercise the more
　　
　　water you need. Spread out your water intake throughout the day. Do not
　　
　　drink more than 4 glasses within any given hour.
　　
　　[C] Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical reactions in the body.
　　
　　It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies, & oxygen through the blood
　　
　　stream & lymphatic system. The proteins & enzymes of the body function
　　
　　more efficiently in solutions of lower viscosity.
　　
　　[D] Caffeinated beverages stimulate the adrenal glands(肾上腺) and act as
　　
　　diuretics, robbing your body of necessary water. Soft drinks contain
　　
　　phosphorus which can lead to depletion of bone calcium. Soda contains sodium.
　　
　　Fruit juices contain a lot of sugar & stimulate the pancreas. These drinks may
　　
　　tax the body more than they cleanse it. A 12 ounce can of regular soda
　　
　　contains the equivalent of 9 teaspoons of sugar and loads of empty calories.
　　
　　[E] In the article "Water Bearers", (Shape magazine) Elizabeth Austin notes
　　
　　that "water is the single most important nutrient you take in every day.
　　
　　It's fat-free, cholesterol-free, low in sodium, and completely without calories.
　　
　　" Also, drinking more water helps to reduce water retention by stimulating
　　
　　your kidneys. Studies have recommended that if you are overweight
　　
　　according to average height and weight comparison charts, you should
　　
　　add one glass of water to your daily requirement (of eight glasses) for
　　
　　every 25 pounds over your recommended weight.
　　
　　[F] When the cartilage is hydrated, the two opposing surfaces glide freely,
　　
　　& friction damage is minimal. If the cartilage is dehydrated, the rate of
　　
　　"abrasive" damage is increased, resulting in joint deterioration & increased
　　
　　pain. The actively growing blood cells in the bone marrow take priority over
　　
　　the cartilage for the available water that es through the bone structure.

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