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　　Business this week
　　
　　本周商业
　　
　　The World Health Organisation said that processed meat causes cancer. After assessing the evidence, the WHO caterised ham, sausages, bacon and the like as “Group 1” carcinogens, a list of things certain to be dangerous. Other Group 1 substances include alcohol and tobacco, although the risk posed by processed meat is much lower. The WHO also said that red meat was probably carcinogenic.
　　
　　世界卫生组织宣称吃加工肉品致癌。证实了这一说法之后，世卫组织将汉堡，香肠，培根以及类似食品列为“头号”致癌物，这一类食品都是有害的。其他的头号致癌物则包括烟和酒，即使它们的有害性比加工肉要低得多。世卫组织还称红肉也很有可能会致癌。
　　
　　There was a double blow for embattled Volkswagen. First, the German carmaker lost its position as the world’s biggest car-producer to Toyota. Although VW outsold its Japanese rival during the first half of 2015, Toyota sold 7.49m vehicles in the nine months to September compared with VW’s 7.43m. Then the firm reported a net loss of €1.7 billion ($1.9 billion) for the third quarter, its first loss for 15 years. VW has put aside €6.7 billion to deal with cars that cheated emissions tests, although it is too early to say the extent to which the scandal, which came to light last month, has hit sales.
　　
　　四面楚歌的大众公司遭遇了双重打击。首先，德国失去全球第一汽车制造商的宝座，让位给丰田。虽然上半年大众公司销量高于日本丰田，但是截至九月份丰田公司累计销售了749万辆汽车，而与之相比，大众公司则销售了743万辆。然后，该公司宣布第三季度净亏损17 亿欧元（19亿美元），这是该公司15年来首次亏损。大众公司拨出67亿欧元来处理未通过排放标准测试的汽车，而这些汽车被曝光在上个月的销量很大，现在说这带来的公愤有多大还为时尚早。
　　
　　Britain’s GDP figures gave some cause for concern. They show that in the third quarter Britain’s economy grew by just 0.5%, down from 0.6% last year in the same period. The economy is suffering from the strength of the pound, which has hit the country’s manufacturing exports. The news could mean a delay to the first interest-rate rise since 2007.
　　
　　对此产生的忧虑，英国的GDP数据给出了解释。第三季度的数据显示，英国的经济增长仅仅增长了0.5%，与去年同一时期数据比较（年同比）下降了0.6%。英国经济受英镑升值的影响，制造业出口遭受挫折。这种情况意味着利率在2007年第一次上调后，将会放缓。
　　
　　The Federal Reserve declined to raise interest rates in America. However, it made explicit reference to the possibility of raising rates at its next meeting in December.
　　
　　美联储也开始减缓利率的提高速度，但是在接下来11月的会议中，上调利率的可能性则更高。
　　
　　When in Rome, roam
　　
　　抓住空档，漫游。
　　
　　The European Parliament voted to ban data-roaming charges for mobile phones within the EU. The ban will come into effect from June 2017. Separately, internet providers will be barred from charging extra for “fast lanes”, except for certain specialised services, after the parliament voted to protect “network neutrality”—equal treatment for all internet traffic.
　　
　　欧盟议会投票禁止在盟国范围内收取手机漫游费，该禁令将在2017年六月份生效。议会关于保护“网络中立（即对所有的因特网流量同一对待）“的投票通过后，网络服务商被下令禁止从“快速通道”这一块收取费用，只被允许收取定向专项服务费。
　　
　　BP’s profits fell by 40% in the three months to the end of September, compared with the same period last year. The firm blamed the low price of gas and oil. BP, which has already slashed its costs, said it would find billions of dollars more savings in the coming year. Shell, another oil firm, reported a loss of $6.1 billion in the same quarter, compared with a $5.3 billion profit last year.
　　
　　英国石油公司第三季度的收益与去年同期相比下降了40%。它把这一切归责于天然气和石油的低迷价格。英石油已经削减了开支，并且声称来年会节省更多钱。壳牌公司(另一个石油公司)在第三季度已经损失了6.1亿美元。然而它去年同期盈利5.3亿美元。
　　
　　Square, a payments company run by Jack Dorsey, who is also boss of Twitter, reported a loss of $53.9m in the three months to the end of September. The results are expected to be the last it will publish before an initial public offering. Square will be one of the first “unicorns”—startups valued at over $1 billion—to public.
　　
　　Jack Dorsey(他也是Twitter的老板)经营的美国移动支付公司在第三季度已经损失了5390万美元。根据预测，这些低迷的状况将不会持续下去。它将会在首次公开发行之前公布。Square将会成为首批走向公众的“独角兽”之一，它初始定价超过一亿美元。
　　
　　Deutsche Bank said it would cut 9,000 full-time jobs and pull out of ten countries after announcing a €6 billion third-quarter loss. It will also suspend dividends for two years.
　　
　　德意志银行在在第三季度损失了6亿欧元之后称将会削减9000个全职岗位，同时也将在两年内暂停发放红利。
　　
　　Theranos, one of Silicon Valley’s most prominent start-ups, with a valuation of around $9 billion, faced a barrage of negative press reports suggesting the firm’s blood-testing technology is not all it purports to be. Theranos claims it can do a wide variety of health tests by drawing a few drops of blood from the finger. However, the Wall Street Journal claimed that its tests are not reliable. Theranos。

硅谷最突出的初创企业之一，估值约90亿美元，正面临着接二连三的负面新闻报道，报道声称该公司的验血技术不完全是其说明的那样。Theranos 声称它仅需从手指抽几滴血就可以完成多项健康测验。然而，华尔街日报称，这种测验是不可靠的。
　　
　　Everything remains rosy at Apple, after the firm released strong fourth-quarter results. The firm sold 48m iPhones during the last three months of its fiscal year, with sales particularly strong in Greater China. Apple’s net income was $11.1 billion, compared with $8.5 billion during the same quarter last year.
　　
　　在苹果公司公布强劲的第四季度业绩后，一切都保持着乐观的发展趋势。该公司在其财年的最后三个月卖出4800万部iPhone手机，在大中国的销售表现尤其突出。与去年同一季度的85亿相比，苹果公司的净收入为111亿美元。
　　
　　American regulators said they would be looking into accounting practices at IBM and the way it recognised revenue. The news came as the computer firm said it would buy back $4 billion of its shares. 
　　
　　美国调查者说他们将会调查IBM的财务账目和获取收益的方式。这是在IBM称会购入40亿美元该公司股份后出现的消息。
　　
　　Two of America’s biggest pharmacy chains look set to merge. Walgreens Boots Alliance says it has agreed to buy Rite Aid for $17.2 billion. The deal is likely to need approval from competition authorities.
　　
　　美国最大的两家制药企业即将合并。Walgreens Boots Alliance称将会以172亿美金的价格把爱德买下来。不过这个想法可能还需要竞争委员会的同意。
　　
　　Pfizer, an American drugmaker, was reported to be in talks to buy Allergan to create a health-care giant worth more than $300 billion.
　　
　　辉瑞，一家美国制药公司，据报道正在商讨买下艾尔健以组成一个资产高达3000亿美元的医药巨头。
　　
　　A drug problem
　　
　　药物问题
　　
　　Valeant Pharmaceuticals tried to rebut claims it was massaging its figures. Shares in the drugmaker had fallen after it was criticised by Andrew Left, a trader, over its accounting relationship with specialist pharmacies. Valeant denied wrongdoing. See article.
　　
　　瓦兰特国际制药公司尝试驳回其一直在提高药价的说法。在做空者安德鲁·莱夫特(Andrew Left)针对瓦兰特与其控制的药店间的会计关系提出批评之后，瓦兰特股价下跌。然而，瓦兰特制药公司却否认其有过这种不道德行为。详见文章。
　　
　　Financial regulators in Nigeria ordered the suspension of four past and present directors of Stanbic IBTC, a division of Standard Bank, after it accused them of accounting irregularities. Stanbic denies the charge.
　　
　　Standard Bank的子公司Stanbic IBTC的四位前任及现任经理在被尼日利亚金融监管机构指控财务作假之后，被其勒令停职。然Stanbic却否认了这一指控。

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