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　　今天的句子：

　　如果给你两个选择，一个是现在拿走150元，一个是一个月后拿走180元，你会选哪个?大部分人可能会选择150元，而放弃一个月后30元的额外收入。这是因为人们倾向于给予当下的考虑更大的权重，即“现时偏差”。类似的认知偏差有很多，被维基百科收录的就有185种。学者认为，认知偏差是直觉力的不良副产物。一方面人可以通过直觉力快速地根据以往经历和现实情境作出判断，及时规避危险。但直觉力以迅雷不急掩耳之速牺牲了理性，导致人们在无需快速决策时也偷懒，诉诸直觉而非努力思考，掉进各种认知偏差的陷阱。因系统提出逻辑谬误和认知偏差而获得诺贝尔奖的Daniel Kahneman认为，虽然人们在认知测验中可因得到相关训练而提升分数，但本质上这些人性弱点是无法克服的，因为生活不像测验，测验中你一直提防着出题人的坑，越测越敏感，越测分越高;而生活中你的对手是自己，你一直在给自己挖坑，越老越自负，越活越糊涂。老铁，我们太难了!

　　If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias. That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything. Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

　　思考题：

　　“Confirmation bias” was singled out by the author mostly because __.

　　A. it leads us to ignore opposing views

　　B. it shows up conspicuously in politics

　　C. it is bad for reaching logical decisions

　　D. it is the most widespread and harmful

　　词汇突破：

　　1. pervasive 广泛的

　　2. confirmation 确认

　　3. discount打折

　　4. alternate 其他的

　　5. blatant 公然的，显眼的

　　第一句：

　　If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias.

　　切分：

　　1. If I had to single out a particular bias

　　2. as the most pervasive and damaging

　　3. it would probably be confirmation bias

　　参考译文：

　　如果必须找出一个最普遍、破坏性最强的特定偏见，可能就是“证实偏差”了。

　　第二句：

　　That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view.

　　切分：

　　1. That’s the effect

　　2. that leads us to look for evidence

　　3. confirming what we already think or suspect,

　　4. to view facts and ideas…as further confirmation

　　5. (that) we encounter

　　6. and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence

　　7. that seems to support an alternate view.

　　参考译文：这种偏见导致我们寻找证据支撑已有的想法或质疑，将遇到的事实和想法视为进一步的佐证，并贬损或忽略任何似乎支持其他观点的证据。“

　　第三句：

　　Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything.

　　切分：

　　1. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide

　　2. where each side seems unable to allow

　　3. that the other side is right about anything

　　参考译文：“证实偏差”鲜明地出现在当下的政治分歧中，双方似乎都无法承认对方有任何对的地方。

　　第四句：

　　Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

　　参考译文：“证实偏差”在许多其他情况下也会发生, 有时会带来可怕的后果。

　　“Confirmation bias” was singled out by the author mostly because __.

　　作者为何在这么多认知偏差中把“证实偏差”提出来讲?

　　A. it leads us to ignore opposing views

　　B. it shows up conspicuously in politics

　　C. it is bad for reaching logical decisions

　　D. it is the most widespread and harmful

　　原文中的第一句的前半句，我们看到“如果必须找出一个最普遍、破坏性最强的特定偏见的话”，反过来说也就是这个偏差因为是最普遍、最有破坏性的，所以被找出来了。答案是D。

　　问作者为什么提这件事?

　　=这件事的特征是什么?尤其是最大的特征是什么、

　　尤其题干还有mostly!

　　所以D是最佳答案!

　　不清楚的可以听语音。

　　一定听一下语音!

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