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谈到虱子，许多人会觉得是一个模糊遥远而陈旧的存在。医学的进步和个人卫生意味的提高的确令虱子不那么常见，但它们远比我们想要相信的更加普遍（Lice are far more common than people want to believe），甚至更加强大。调查发现在土耳其和英国这样医疗卫生状况相对较佳的国家，虱子的感染率仍十分之高（high rate of infestation）。另外，由于非处方除虱洗发水（over-the-counter lice shampoo）的频繁使用（repeated use），虱子们已经进化出针对拟除虫菊酯（pyrethorids）的抗药性，这意味着染上头虱的孩子们可能要在洗了两周药之后才会发现自己感染的虱子是有抗药性的“超级虱子”（super lice）。所以目前人类的唯一应对方法就是研究出基于新型作用机制的疗法。如美国2009年批准的Ulesfia，该药含有高浓度的苯甲醇（Benzyl alcohol），可令虱子“醉死”，即窒息；2011年批准的含有神经毒素多杀菌素的Natroba；2012年批准的含有伊维菌素的Sklice。

今天的句子：

In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration has approved three prescription treatments since 2009: Ulesfia, which contains high levels of alcohol and kills the lice essentially by suffocating them;Natroba, which overexcites nerve cells by activating their nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; and Sklice, which inhibits nerve impulses by activating their glutamate chloride channels.

词汇突破：

1.Prescription 处方

2.Alcohol 醇类物质

3.Suffocate 窒息

4.Activate 激活

5.Nicotinic acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱

6.Receptor 受体

7.Inhibit 抑制

8.Nerve impulse 神经冲动

9.Glutamate谷氨酸盐

10.Chloride氯化物；氯离子

确定主干：

the Food and Drug Administration has approved three prescription treatments since 2009

切分成分：

1.Ulesfia, which contains high levels of alcohol and kills the lice essentially by suffocating them;

2. Natroba, which overexcites nerve cells by activating their nicotinic acetylcholine receptors;

3. and Sklice, which inhibits nerve impulses by activating their glutamate chloride channels.

参考译文：在美国，2009年之后食品药品监督管理局批准了三种治疗处方：含有高浓度醇的Ulesfia，该药基本上是通过窒息杀死虱子；通过激活乙酰胆碱受体令神经细胞过度兴奋的Natroba；以及通过激活谷氨酸氯离子通道来抑制神经冲动的Sklice。

明天的句子：

The puzzle of how the brain identifies a familiar face dates back to the 1960s, when the US neuroscientist, Jerry Lettvin, suggested that people have hyper-specific neurons that respond to specific objects, a notice that became known as "grandmother cells", based on the idea that you have a specific neuron that would fire on seeing your grandmother.

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