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APPLE and Tesla are two of the world’s most talked-about companies.

苹果公司和特斯拉都是人们最爱谈论的公司。

They are also two of the most vertically integrated.

这两个公司的垂直整合程度也名列前茅。

大家肯定不知道什么叫“垂直整合程度”vertically integrated

接下来就要给你解释了：

Apple not only writes much of its own software, but designs its own chips and runs its own shops.

苹果不仅大部分软件是自己写的，芯片也由自己设计，连商店都自己开。

Tesla makes 80% of its electric cars and sells them directly to its customers.

It is also constructing a network of service stations and building the world’s biggest battery factory, in the Nevada desert.

特斯拉80%的电动车都是自己生产，并直接销售给客户。它还在构建一个充电服务站网络，并在内华达沙漠建设世界上最大的电池厂。

知道什么叫vertically integrated了吧!

就是什么活都自己干!

以前是什么样子?

A century a this sort of vertical integration was the rule: companies integrated “backwards”, by buying sources for raw materials and suppliers, and “forwards”, by buying distributors.

一个世纪以前，这种垂直整合堪称法则：企业“向后”整合，购买原材料来源和供应商;同时“向前”整合，购买分销商。

现在呢?

Today this sort of bundling is rare: for the past 30 years firms have been focusing on their core business and contracting out everything else to specialists.

如今，这种捆绑就很罕见了。过去30年里，各个公司一直专注于自己的核心业务，其他的一切都外包给专门人士处理。

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