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考研英语试题长难句分析(5)

　　Sentence 1：Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.

　　必备词汇和短语：regard ... as ...把……视为……;jury system陪审团制度;concrete具体的;crucial重要的;democratic values民主价值观;principle原则;minimal最 低的，最小限度的;qualification资格;literacy读写能力;be competent to能够胜任;serve on担任;juror陪审员;randomly随机地，任意地;representative有代表性的;cross section横截面，有代表性的实例;deny否认;on account of由于，因为;religion宗教;national origin国籍;defendant被告;be entitled to有……的资格;trial审讯;peer同龄人，同等地位的人;verdict裁决;conscience良心

　　主干：Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values主谓宾补结构，主语是Many Americans，谓语是regard，宾语是the jury system，补语是as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values，其中of crucial democratic values是of介词短语作expression的后置定语

　　同位语：including the principles ...是同位语，作宾语the jury system的同位语

　　同位语从句：that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law是and并列的5个同位语从句，作principles的同位语，解释说明principles

　　定语从句：who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy是定语从句，修饰citizens

　　翻译：很多美国人把陪审团制度视为重要的民主价值观的具体体现，包括以下原则：所有满足最 低年龄、文化资格要求的公民都能担任陪审员;所有的陪审员都应该从具有代表性的典型社会成员中随机选择;没有公民应该由于种族、宗教、性别或国籍而被否认担任陪审员的权利;被告有资格被同行审判;裁决应该代表社会的良心，而不仅仅是法律条文。

　　Sentence 2：Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of “Strauder” v. “West Virginia”, the practice of selecting so called elite or blue ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

　　必备词汇：the Supreme Court最 高法院;prohibit禁止;intentional故意的;racial discrimination种族歧视;practice做法;elite精英;blue ribbon一流的;antidiscrimination laws反歧视法

　　主句：the practice ... provided a convenient way ...主谓宾结构，of selecting so called elite or blue ribbon juries是of介词短语作后置定语修饰the practice，around this and other antidiscrimination laws是介词短语作后置定语修饰way

　　让步状语从句：Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of “Strauder” v. “West Virginia”,从句的主语是the Supreme Court，of the United States是of介词短语作后置定语修饰the Supreme Court，谓语是had prohibited，宾语是intentional racial discrimination，in jury selection是介词短语作后置定语，修饰discrimination，as early as the 1880 case of “Strauder” v. “West Virginia”是时间状语

　　翻译：尽管美国最 高法院早在1880年的“Strauder”诉“西弗吉尼亚州”的案例中已经禁止了陪审团遴选中的故意的种族歧视，但是选择所谓的精英或者一流的陪审团的做法为绕过这种或者是其他的反歧视法律提供了便利。

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